Operational changes reduce the need for capital changes with large carbon footprints.
Operational changes that reduce electrical usage, chemical addition, and sludge disposal activities improve sustainability.
Electrical savings generally offer the biggest savings opportunity; and aeration equipment are almost always the biggest source of electrical use.
The creation of anoxic / anaerobic zones provide for oxygen-free BOD reduction.
Aeration controls using DO, ORP, Ammonia, and Nitrate probes limit oxygen levels to what is needed.
Enhanced biological treatment generally provides significant chemical savings.
The environmental impacts of sludge disposal can oftentimes be reduced by raising the MLSS concentration.